Neonatal seizures can be difficult to diagnose because they often present as subtle or brief movements rather than the typical convulsions seen in older children and adults. In many cases, seizures may not cause any visible symptoms at all. This is why EEG (electroencephalogram) monitoring is essential for detecting and managing neonatal seizures accurately.
📌 Fact: Studies show that up to 80% of neonatal seizures are “electrographic-only,” meaning they are only detectable on an EEG and have no obvious physical signs.
🩺 What Is EEG Monitoring and How Does It Work?
An EEG (electroencephalogram) is a test that records the brain’s electrical activity. It helps doctors:
✔ Detect abnormal brain activity that indicates seizures.
✔ Determine the severity and frequency of seizures.
✔ Monitor how well anti-seizure treatments are working.
Types of EEG Monitoring Used for Neonatal Seizures:
🔹 Routine EEG – A short test (30–60 minutes) to check brain activity.
🔹 Continuous Video EEG (cEEG) – The gold standard for diagnosing neonatal seizures, monitoring the baby’s brain activity for 24 hours or longer.
🔹 Amplitude-Integrated EEG (aEEG) – A bedside monitoring tool used in NICUs for continuous seizure detection.
📌 Fact: Because many neonatal seizures have no visible symptoms, continuous EEG monitoring is often needed to confirm a diagnosis.
🔍 How Does EEG Improve Seizure Management?
✅ Detects “silent” seizures – Prevents missed diagnoses.
✅ Helps guide treatment decisions – Determines if anti-seizure medications are needed.
✅ Monitors treatment effectiveness – Shows whether medications are stopping the seizures.
✅ Predicts long-term outcomes – Prolonged abnormal EEG activity may indicate a higher risk of neurological issues.
📌 Fact: Without EEG, many neonatal seizures could go undetected, leading to delays in treatment and increased risk of brain injury.
📌 Final Thoughts
EEG monitoring is a critical tool for diagnosing and managing neonatal seizures, ensuring that babies receive the right treatment as early as possible. Since many seizures have no visible signs, EEG helps doctors detect hidden seizure activity and prevent long-term brain damage.
